Essential for Maritime Professionals: Comprehensive Glossary of Customs Terms
Created on 12.12
1. Cargo Management Supervision: referred to as cargo management. It is an important management authority of the customs, representing the country at the port, to supervise the legal entry and exit of goods and means of transport in accordance with the "Customs Law" and other national import and export laws, regulations, and policies. It is also the basis for customs to complete various tasks such as collecting tariffs, preventing smuggling violations, and compiling customs statistics.
2. Basic System of Freight Supervision: The examination of documents (declaration), inspection, taxation, and release of transportation vehicles and their cargo entering and exiting the country constitutes a unified whole that is both mutually restrictive and relatively independent, forming the basic functions of freight management.
3. Inspection: It is based on the audited documents to directly verify and check the content declared by the cargo owner. Except for those exempted from inspection due to special regulations, the means of transport for goods entering and leaving the country shall be subject to customs inspection. It plays an important role in combating smuggling and illegal activities, as well as providing actual regulatory basis for taxation and statistics.
4. Consistency between the documents and the goods: When handling import and export customs procedures, it is customary to refer to the situation where the documents declared by the owner of the goods match the actual import and export goods as consistency between the documents and the goods.
5. Discrepancy between documents and goods: When handling import and export customs, if the documents declared by the owner of the goods do not match the actual import and export goods upon verification, it is commonly referred to as a discrepancy between documents and goods.
6. Release: Refers to the regulatory action of signing and releasing goods and means of transport that are consistent with the prepared documents after passing through the order review, inspection, and tax supervision stages.
7. Opening Inspection: Customs conducts inspections during the verification process. For certain goods, when detailed inspections are carried out, the act of opening and unpacking both internal and external packaging for verification and confirmation is performed.
8. Unpacking: Customs conducts supervision of the unpacking and detailed inspection of goods that require key examination during the inspection work.
9. Re-sealing: The act of applying customs seals again to goods under customs supervision due to reasons such as re-examination is called "re-sealing," abbreviated as re-seal.
10. Customs Seal: Used for internal communication within the customs and for handing over relevant documents, it is an envelope printed with the words "Customs Seal" that can be sealed.
11. Lock: A metal, disposable, elongated seal used to seal customs-regulated goods.
12. Paper Seal: A paper seal used to seal small customs-regulated items.
13. Customs Seal: The paper seal used to secure customs-regulated items, which specifies the exact title of the customs authority and the year, month, and day when the seal is applied, is referred to as the customs seal.
14. Saddle seal: A stamp affixed at the point of document handover to ensure the completeness and integrity of customs-supervised goods' retained documents and to verify relevant documents.
15. Customs Closure: The act of completing or temporarily completing customs supervision procedures.
16. Import and Export License System: It is an administrative protection measure implemented by our country for managing foreign trade, and it is a system that comprehensively manages import and export goods and items according to our country's foreign trade policies.
17. Import and Export License: It is a certificate for managing import and export trade issued by the state, reviewed and issued by the Ministry of Foreign Economic and Trade and its authorized provincial, autonomous region, and municipal economic and trade commissions and special commissioner offices. Since 1992, the import and export license has included bilingual Chinese and English annotations, product names, codes, and measurement units, adopting the "Commodity Classification and Coding Coordination System."
18. Tiered Management: Refers to the specific issuance work of import and export licenses implemented by the Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of Commerce's resident commissioner office at the port, and the provincial foreign trade management departments in a three-tier management system.
19. Guarantee: It is a type of guarantee document submitted to the customs by the guarantor in accordance with the requirements of the customs, which has clear obligations.
20. Guarantee: A legal act to ensure the fulfillment of its commitment obligations within a certain period by paying a deposit to the customs or submitting a guarantee letter.
21. Margin: It is a form of guarantee where the guarantor pays cash to the customs.
22. Late declaration penalty: According to the relevant provisions of the "Customs Law," imported goods must be declared to the customs within fourteen days from the date of declaration of entry by the means of transport. If the declaration is not made within the time limit, the penalty for late declaration imposed by the customs starting from the fifteenth day is called the late declaration penalty, with a daily collection amount of 0.5% of the import price, and a minimum threshold of 10 RMB, which is exempted if it is less than 10 RMB.
23. Customs declaration deadline: Refers to the time limit set by law for the consignee or their agent to declare goods to customs after the goods arrive at the port.
24. Electromechanical products: Refers to various agricultural machinery, electrical appliances, electronic performance production equipment, and household machines produced using mechanical, electrical, and electronic devices.
25. Automatic export quota: Refers to the automatic restriction of a certain commodity's export to the importing country by the exporting country under the economic and trade pressure from the importing country, or in order to maintain the stability of export prices.
26. Export quota certificate goods: Refers to goods for which a government of a country directly restricts the quantity or value of imports within a certain period in foreign trade activities. Under this restriction, the goods must first obtain an export quota certificate from the exporting country, and these goods are therefore referred to as export quota certificate goods.
27. Transshipment goods: Refers to imported goods that can be transferred to a designated place with customs for import procedures after the consignee and consignor apply and customs approval is obtained; export goods can be exported after customs procedures are completed at the place of departure with customs, and then transferred to the exit customs for inspection and release for export. When declaring transshipment goods to customs, the "Declaration Form for Transshipment of Import (Export) Goods to the Customs of the People's Republic of China" must be filled out.
28. Imported goods for transport: Refers to customs-supervised goods that are picked up by domestic vehicles in the customs supervision area at the port after being transported into the country by foreign vehicles and then transloaded.
29. Export of transshipped goods: Refers to customs-regulated goods that are transported by domestic vehicles to the customs supervision area at the port and then reloaded onto foreign vehicles for export.
30. Customs Supervised Goods: All goods that are subject to customs supervision and have not yet completed customs procedures for entry or exit. Collectively referred to as customs supervised goods.
31. Transshipment: Generally refers to the intermediate transfer of goods transportation within the commercial system. That is, a mode of transportation where the goods do not reach the destination directly and must change transportation methods or replace transportation tools midway.
32. Carrier: Refers to the act of a transportation company undertaking the entrusted delivery of goods by the consignor.
33. Consignment: The act of the consignor entrusting a transportation company to transport a batch of goods to a designated location and deliver them to a specified consignee.
34. Container truck: Refers to a transport vehicle that fixes a sealed box-type container onto the chassis of a truck.
35. Container truck: Refers to a specialized transport vehicle used to carry detachable containers.
36. Entry and exit pack animals: Refers to pack animals that are under customs supervision and used for transporting goods in and out of the country.
37. Special transportation methods for importing and exporting goods: refers to goods that are subject to customs supervision and are imported and exported using special carrying and transportation methods, including water, electricity, oil, etc.
38. Import and Export Goods Certificate: A document issued and verified by customs, certifying the actual import or export of goods.
39. Transit transportation: Goods under the supervision of import and export customs must be transferred from the customs established at the place of entry or departure to the customs at the destination or exit. This method of transportation is called transit transportation. With customs approval, different modes of transportation may be used to carry and transfer transit transportation goods.
40. Escort: Import and export goods that are returned due to the buyer's refusal to accept due to poor quality or delayed delivery, or due to overloading, underloading, and misdelivery caused by misdelivery or mistransport.
41. Returned goods: Goods that have completed customs procedures for entry and exit, which, for some reason, are canceled for import and export after obtaining customs approval and are processed for return according to customs regulations, are referred to as returned goods.
42. A category of imported goods: refers to important imported goods that are sensitive and significant to the national economy and people's livelihood, which are uniformly operated and ordered by the state, including bulk items such as grain and steel.
43. Category II imported goods: Refers to bulk imported goods that the country designates as having a relatively concentrated supply in the international market, being price-sensitive, in short supply domestically, and having a significant price difference between domestic and foreign markets, including wool, etc.
44. Three categories of imported goods: refers to other goods specified by the state that are not classified as category one or category two goods.
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